HIGHER+URBAN+CHANGE-+RIO

CASE STUDY FOR DEVELOPED COUNTRY IS RIO DE JANEIRO.


 * Where? **
 * Rio de Janeiro is a city located on Brazil's south-east coast. It is one of Brazil's largest settlements with a population of approximately 11.7 million people and second largest city and the** **third largest metropolitan area in Brazil.**
 * Map: **

· **Over Population****: (Reasons):** **Natural Increase is one reason for its growth (this is when the birth rate is higher than the death rate ). The population has also grown as the result of urbanisation- rural to urban migration - Millions of people have migrated from Brazil's rural areas to Rio de Janeiro. 65% of urban growth is a result of migration.** **The rapid growth of Rio de Janeiro's population has led to a** **severe shortage of housing.** · **Housing:** **there is over 1 million favela and over 1 million poor quality housing. This is slum area where all of the poor people live and this area is the centre of problems.** **Millions of people have been forced to construct their own homes from scrap materials such as wood, corrugated iron and metals.** · **Traffic:** **this cause pollution which contributes** **to** **global warming and mudslides and floods****.** · **The rich and poor living close together** **because the poor has to do all the bad jobs for the rich at low wages** · **There is no education in the favela and because this the young people don’t have the right qualification needed to get a job and this cause unemployment .** · **Unemployment** **amongst the young people in the Favela and this causes an increase in the number of Crimes committed. Most of them are drug dealing and robbery etc.** · **Because of** **Crimes** **in the Favela, the police don’t bother to come and sort the problem because they can’t control it now.** · **There are no basic needs such as electricity and good drinking water in the favela and this leads to diseases such as cholera. ** **Often families have to share one tap, there is no sewerage provision, disease is common and many people are unemployed.**
 * Problems in Rio de Janeiro: Favela **

· **This transferred the favela into a small city now.** · **All the houses are upgraded to bricks and tiles and have been extended to utilise every square-centimetre** · **Local authorities helped the local residents set up their own shops and small industries and this help sort out some of the unemployment issue and in doing this, it reduces the amount of crimes. ** · **The authorities have accepted the existence and permanence of favela and now work with the local resident association. ** · **Now in the favela has basic needs such as electricity and drinking water and this reduced the diseases. ** · **Some buildings are three and four stories tall and almost all houses have basic sanitation, plumbing, and electricity ** · **Developed infrastructure and hundreds of businesses and this gives employment for young people .** · **Many wealthy people live close to the CBD** · **Money saved are spent on electricity and water** · **A public health team vaccinating children for polio- this reduces the amount of diseases.** · **Favela Bairo- £200 million to improve life conditions of 60 favelas out of 600.** []
 * What’s being done to sort out the problems? : Self-help housing scheme **
 * They have set up self-help schemes . This is when the local authority provides the local residents with the materials they need to construct permanent accommodation - this includes breeze blocks and cement. The local residents provide the labour and the money saved can be spent on providing basic amenities such as electricity and water .**
 * taken from: **

Here is the slideshare I used in class:

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Brazil- global eye is a good website (very old however):

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Here is another website: []